Motherboard - Wikipedia. Motherboard for an Acer desktop personal computer, showing the typical components and interfaces that are found on a motherboard. This model was made by Foxconn in 2. ATX layout (known as the "form factor") usually employed for desktop computers. It is designed to work with AMD's Athlon 6. Intel D9. 45. GCPE: A micro. ATX Motherboard LGA7. Intel Pentium 4, D, XE, Dual- Core, Core 2 (circa 2. A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, baseboard, planar board or logic board,[1] or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in general purpose microcomputers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a motherboard usually contains significant sub- systems such as the central processor, the chipset's input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated for general purpose use. ![]()
Motherboard specifically refers to a PCB with expansion capability and as the name suggests, this board is often referred to as the "mother" of all components attached to it, which often include peripherals, interface cards, and daughtercards: sound cards, video cards, network cards, hard drives, or other forms of persistent storage; TV tuner cards, cards providing extra USB or Fire. Wire slots and a variety of other custom components. Similarly, the term mainboard is applied to devices with a single board and no additional expansions or capability, such as controlling boards in laser printers, televisions, washing machines and other embedded systems with limited expansion abilities. History[edit]Prior to the invention of the microprocessor, a digital computer consisted of multiple printed circuit boards in a card- cage case with components connected by a backplane, a set of interconnected sockets. In very old designs, copper wires were the discrete connections between card connector pins, but printed circuit boards soon became the standard practice. The Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory, and peripherals were housed on individual printed circuit boards, which were plugged into the backplane. Product SKUs - Discontinued SKU (EOL). Please contact sales-rep for replacement SKUs. MBD-X8DTL-i -O: X8DTL-i (Standard Retail Pack) MBD-X8DTL-i -B. The ubiquitous S- 1. The most popular computers of the 1. Apple II and IBM PC had published schematic diagrams and other documentation which permitted rapid reverse- engineering and third- party replacement motherboards. Usually intended for building new computers compatible with the exemplars, many motherboards offered additional performance or other features and were used to upgrade the manufacturer's original equipment. During the late 1. In the late 1. 98. ICs (also called Super I/O chips) capable of supporting a set of low- speed peripherals: keyboard, mouse, floppy disk drive, serial ports, and parallel ports. By the late 1. 99. D gaming and computer graphics typically retained only the graphics card as a separate component. Business PCs, workstations, and servers were more likely to need expansion cards, either for more robust functions, or for higher speeds; those systems often had fewer embedded components. Laptop and notebook computers that were developed in the 1. This even included motherboards with no upgradeable components, a trend that would continue as smaller systems were introduced after the turn of the century (like the tablet computer and the netbook). Memory, processors, network controllers, power source, and storage would be integrated into some systems. The Octek Jaguar V motherboard from 1. This board has few onboard peripherals, as evidenced by the 6 slots provided for ISA cards and the lack of other built- in external interface connectors. Note the large AT keyboard connector at the back right is its only peripheral interface. The motherboard of a Samsung Galaxy SII; almost all functions of the device are integrated into a very small board. A motherboard provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate. Unlike a backplane, it also contains the central processing unit and hosts other subsystems and devices. A typical desktop computer has its microprocessor, main memory, and other essential components connected to the motherboard. Other components such as external storage, controllers for video display and sound, and peripheral devices may be attached to the motherboard as plug- in cards or via cables; in modern microcomputers it is increasingly common to integrate some of these peripherals into the motherboard itself. An important component of a motherboard is the microprocessor's supporting chipset, which provides the supporting interfaces between the CPU and the various buses and external components. This chipset determines, to an extent, the features and capabilities of the motherboard. Modern motherboards include: Sockets (or slots) in which one or more microprocessors may be installed. In the case of CPUs in ball grid array packages, such as the VIA C3, the CPU is directly soldered to the motherboard.[3]Slots into which the system's main memory is to be installed (typically in the form of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips)A chipset which forms an interface between the CPU's front- side bus, main memory, and peripheral buses. Non- volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards) containing the system's firmware or BIOSA clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various components. Slots for expansion cards (the interface to the system via the buses supported by the chipset)Power connectors, which receive electrical power from the computer power supply and distribute it to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards. As of 2. 00. 7[update], some graphics cards (e. Ge. Force 8 and Radeon R6. Connectors for hard drives, typically SATA only. Disk drives also connect to the power supply. Additionally, nearly all motherboards include logic and connectors to support commonly used input devices, such as USB for mouse devices and keyboards. Early personal computers such as the Apple II or IBM PC included only this minimal peripheral support on the motherboard. Occasionally video interface hardware was also integrated into the motherboard; for example, on the Apple II and rarely on IBM- compatible computers such as the IBM PC Jr. Additional peripherals such as disk controllers and serial ports were provided as expansion cards. Given the high thermal design power of high- speed computer CPUs and components, modern motherboards nearly always include heat sinks and mounting points for fans to dissipate excess heat. Form factor[edit]Motherboards are produced in a variety of sizes and shapes called computer form factor, some of which are specific to individual computer manufacturers. However, the motherboards used in IBM- compatible systems are designed to fit various case sizes. As of 2. 00. 7[update], most desktop computer motherboards use the ATX standard form factor — even those found in Macintosh and Sun computers, which have not been built from commodity components. A case's motherboard and PSU form factor must all match, though some smaller form factor motherboards of the same family will fit larger cases. For example, an ATX case will usually accommodate a micro. ATX motherboard. Laptop computers generally use highly integrated, miniaturized and customized motherboards. This is one of the reasons that laptop computers are difficult to upgrade and expensive to repair. Often the failure of one laptop component requires the replacement of the entire motherboard, which is usually more expensive than a desktop motherboard due to the large number of integrated components and their custom shape and size. CPU sockets[edit]A CPU socket (central processing unit) or slot is an electrical component that attaches to a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and is designed to house a CPU (also called a microprocessor). It is a special type of integrated circuit socket designed for very high pin counts. A CPU socket provides many functions, including a physical structure to support the CPU, support for a heat sink, facilitating replacement (as well as reducing cost), and most importantly, forming an electrical interface both with the CPU and the PCB. CPU sockets on the motherboard can most often be found in most desktop and server computers (laptops typically use surface mount CPUs), particularly those based on the Intel x. Media Technology | Computer Hardware{{confirm_text}}{{cancel_label}}{{confirm_label}}" data- delete_collection="canceldelete list" data- delete_empty_collection="Are you sure you want to delete this list? Everything you selected will also be removed from your lists. Saved" data- remove_from_library="This book will also be removed from all your lists. Saved" data- change_library_state="" data- remove_from_collection="" data- error="" data- audio_reading_progress="You& #3. However, it looks like you listened to {{listened_to}} on {{device_name}} {{time}}. Jump {{jump_to}}? No. Yes" data- delete_review="{{content_line_one}}{{content_line_two}}cancel. Delete" data- notify_personalization="We& #3. Explore now" class="confirmation_lightbox_templates">.
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